DEBUG-3568 Inject logger into transport code

[p-datadog]

What does this PR do?

Injects logger into transport code instead of referencing Datadog.logger

Motivation:

Ability in the future to define different loggers for different dd-trace-rb components

Change log entry
None

Additional Notes:

N/A

How to test the change?
Existing unit tests

[github-actions]

Thank you for updating Change log entry section 👏

^{Visited at: 2025-03-25 16:26:55 UTC}

[pr-commenter]

Benchmarks

Benchmark execution time: 2025-03-27 14:32:06

Comparing candidate commit 51d7c22 in PR branch transport-logger with baseline commit e3b94b8 in branch master.

Found 0 performance improvements and 2 performance regressions! Performance is the same for 29 metrics, 2 unstable metrics.

scenario:line instrumentation - targeted

• 🟥 throughput [-12183.767op/s; -11564.340op/s] or [-7.444%; -7.065%]

scenario:method instrumentation

• 🟥 throughput [-14997.841op/s; -14395.356op/s] or [-8.348%; -8.012%]

[datadog-datadog-prod-us1]

Datadog Report

Branch report: transport-logger
Commit report: 51d7c22
Test service: dd-trace-rb

✅ 0 Failed, 20782 Passed, 1370 Skipped, 3m 22.53s Total Time

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 99.34641% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 97.76%. Comparing base (e3b94b8) to head (51d7c22).
Report is 7 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
lib/datadog/di/transport/http/client.rb	75.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #4487      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   97.77%   97.76%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1392     1392              
  Lines       84891    84938      +47     
  Branches     4277     4277              
==========================================
+ Hits        83001    83039      +38     
- Misses       1890     1899       +9     

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