This README provides a deep dive into Linux, AWS (Amazon Web Services), Cloud Computing, and DevOps, including everything from basic concepts and commands to advanced techniques, best practices, and resources. It covers key topics such as security, performance, cost optimization, and automation, all essential for modern IT infrastructure and development pipelines.
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- 1 “Creating a command-line based chatting platform using netcat"
- 2 "Deploying web application using amazon ELB’’
- 3 "Cloud-Based Application Deployment and Management"
- Linux Overview
- AWS Overview
- Cloud Computing Overview
- DevOps Overview
- Best Practices
- Additional Resources
Linux is an open-source operating system kernel used as the foundation for many Linux distributions like Ubuntu, CentOS, and Debian. It is widely used in server environments, development, and embedded systems due to its stability, security, and flexibility.
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
ls |
Lists files and directories. |
cd <directory> |
Changes the current directory. |
pwd |
Prints the current working directory. |
mkdir <dir_name> |
Creates a new directory. |
rm <file> |
Removes files or directories. |
cp <source> <dest> |
Copies files or directories. |
mv <source> <dest> |
Moves or renames files and directories. |
cat <file> |
Displays the contents of a file. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
top |
Displays a dynamic real-time view of running processes. |
ps aux |
Displays information about active processes. |
grep <pattern> <file> |
Searches for a pattern in files. |
find <directory> -name <filename> |
Finds files in a directory hierarchy. |
df -h |
Displays disk space usage. |
tar -cvf <archive_name>.tar <directory> |
Creates a compressed tarball of a directory. |
chmod <permissions> <file> |
Changes file permissions. |
chown <user>:<group> <file> |
Changes ownership of a file. |
sudo |
Executes a command with superuser privileges. |
The Linux file system follows a standardized directory structure for organizing system files and user data.
| Directory | Description |
|---|---|
/ |
The root directory, the top level of the file system. |
/home |
Contains user-specific directories and personal files. |
/bin |
Essential binary executables for the system. |
/etc |
Configuration files for system-wide settings. |
/var |
Variable files such as logs and databases. |
/usr |
User-related programs and data. |
/opt |
Optional software packages. |
Linux distributions manage software packages using different tools.
-
APT (Debian-based systems, e.g., Ubuntu)
sudo apt update: Updates package lists.sudo apt install <package>: Installs a package.sudo apt remove <package>: Removes a package.
-
YUM (RedHat-based systems, e.g., CentOS)
sudo yum install <package>: Installs a package.sudo yum update: Updates the package manager.sudo yum remove <package>: Removes a package.
- Regularly update and patch your system.
- Use
sudowith caution and follow the principle of least privilege. - Automate system monitoring with tools like
cronandsystemd. - Backup important files and configurations regularly.
Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a cloud computing platform that offers a wide variety of services, including compute power, storage, databases, and machine learning capabilities. AWS is widely used for building and hosting scalable applications in the cloud.
| Service | Description |
|---|---|
| EC2 | Virtual machines for running applications in the cloud. |
| S3 | Scalable object storage service for files, backups, and data. |
| RDS | Managed relational databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL, and more. |
| IAM | Identity and Access Management for controlling user access. |
| Lambda | Serverless compute service to run code without managing servers. |
- Free Tier: AWS offers a free tier for many services with limited usage.
- AWS Cost Explorer: A tool to track and manage your AWS spending.
- Cost Allocation Tags: Use these tags to organize and track resources by department or project.
- Use IAM Roles for secure access management.
- Leverage Elastic Load Balancing to distribute traffic evenly.
- Enable CloudWatch for monitoring system performance and health.
Cloud computing provides computing services like servers, storage, and software over the internet. It allows organizations to use computing resources on-demand, without the need for physical hardware.
| Service Model | Description |
|---|---|
| IaaS | Infrastructure as a Service – Provides virtualized computing resources. |
| PaaS | Platform as a Service – Provides a platform for building applications. |
| SaaS | Software as a Service – Delivers software applications over the internet. |
- Implement least privilege access using IAM.
- Use secret management tools like AWS Secrets Manager.
- Regularly conduct security audits and vulnerability assessments.
- Enable MFA (Multi-Factor Authentication) for added security.
- Keep systems regularly updated with patches.
- Rehosting: Moving applications without changing the architecture.
- Replatforming: Optimizing applications while migrating.
- Refactoring: Redesigning applications for cloud-native architectures.
DevOps is a methodology that integrates development and IT operations to automate and streamline the software development lifecycle. The goal is to improve collaboration, increase deployment speed, and ensure high software quality.
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| Jenkins | A widely-used open-source automation server for CI/CD. |
| GitLab CI/CD | A DevOps lifecycle tool with built-in CI/CD pipelines. |
| CircleCI | Continuous integration and delivery platform for automating builds. |
| Travis CI | A cloud-based CI/CD service for GitHub repositories. |
| Spinnaker | A tool for continuous delivery and multi-cloud deployments. |
| Technology | Description |
|---|---|
| Docker | A platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in containers. |
| Kubernetes | An open-source system for automating the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. |
| OpenShift | An enterprise Kubernetes container platform from Red Hat. |
IaC is the practice of managing and provisioning infrastructure using code, allowing for automation and version control.
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| Terraform | A tool to define infrastructure in code and automate provisioning. |
| AWS CloudFormation | AWS's IaC tool to automate the setup of AWS resources. |
| Ansible | A configuration management tool for automating IT infrastructure tasks. |
- Automate repetitive tasks using CI/CD pipelines.
- Practice Infrastructure as Code (IaC) to manage environments.
- Use containers for isolation and scalability.
- Ensure collaboration between development and operations teams.
- Implement least privilege access: Grant the minimum necessary access to resources.
- Use secret management: Store sensitive information securely using tools like HashiCorp Vault or AWS Secrets Manager.
- Regular security audits: Conduct regular vulnerability assessments and audits to identify weaknesses.
- Enable MFA: Use Multi-Factor Authentication for added account security.
- Keep systems updated: Ensure all systems and software are up-to-date with security patches.
- Implement caching: Use tools like Redis or Memcached to cache frequently accessed data.
- Use load balancing: Distribute traffic across multiple servers to prevent overloading any single server.
- Optimize database queries: Ensure that database queries are optimized for speed and efficiency.
- Monitor resource usage: Use monitoring tools like Prometheus and Grafana to track system performance.
- Implement auto-scaling: Use auto-scaling policies to handle sudden traffic spikes.
- Use spot instances: Take advantage of lower-cost spot instances for non-critical workloads.
- Implement auto-scaling: Ensure resources are only used when needed by implementing auto-scaling.
- Regular resource cleanup: Remove unused resources to prevent unnecessary costs.
- Monitor usage patterns: Track resource usage with tools like AWS CloudWatch to identify cost-saving opportunities.
- Use cost allocation tags: Categorize resources to better understand costs and allocate them accordingly.
- Tech With Tim – Python, DevOps, AWS, and Cloud tutorials.
- AWS – Official AWS tutorials and updates.
- The Linux Foundation – Linux tutorials and certifications.
- Linux Command Line Basics - Coursera
- AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Free AWS Training
- The DevOps Handbook
This document provides a comprehensive overview of Linux, AWS, Cloud Computing, and DevOps.