[client] now use internal id when possible for patch operations

[JeremyCloarec]

Proposed changes

• use internal_id for patch operation instead of standard_id, to handle patches that cause a standard_id change

related opencti PR: OpenCTI-Platform/opencti#10825

Related issues

• opencti #10817

Checklist

• I consider the submitted work as finished
• I tested the code for its functionality
• I wrote test cases for the relevant uses case
• I added/update the relevant documentation (either on github or on notion)
• Where necessary I refactored code to improve the overall quality

Further comments

If this is a relatively large or complex change, kick off the discussion by explaining why you chose the solution you did and what alternatives you considered, etc...