feat: add Palindrome Partitioning algorithm

[AliAlimohammadi]

Description

Adds a dynamic programming solution for finding the minimum cuts needed for palindrome partitioning of a string.

Algorithm

Given a string s, partition s such that every substring of the partition is a palindrome. This function finds the minimum number of cuts needed for such a partitioning.

Time Complexity: O(n²)
Space Complexity: O(n²)

Example

assert_eq!(minimum_palindrome_partitions("aab"), 1);    // "aa" | "b"
assert_eq!(minimum_palindrome_partitions("aaa"), 0);    // Already palindrome
assert_eq!(minimum_palindrome_partitions("ababbbabbababa"), 3);

Implementation Details

• Uses dynamic programming with memoization
• Maintains a 2D boolean matrix to track palindromic substrings
• Tracks minimum cuts needed for each position
• Handles Unicode strings properly using Vec<char>

Testing

• All existing tests pass
• Added comprehensive test suite covering:
  • Basic cases
  • Edge cases (empty string, single character)
  • Already palindromic strings
  • Non-palindromic strings
  • Longer test cases

Reference

Based on: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_H8V5hJUGd0

Checklist

• Code follows the repository's style guidelines
• Self-review performed
• Code is well-commented
• Tests added and passing
• Documentation added

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 95.65%. Comparing base (98400e1) to head (48efcd7).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #971      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   95.64%   95.65%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         344      345       +1     
  Lines       22526    22569      +43     
==========================================
+ Hits        21544    21589      +45     
+ Misses        982      980       -2     

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[AliAlimohammadi]

@siriak, this is ready to be merged.

[siriak]

Looks good, thanks!