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12 changes: 6 additions & 6 deletions wavefield_imaging.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -202,12 +202,12 @@ $$

then $Kr_0 = w_0$, which is zero for $x\in \Delta$ and $t\in[0,T]$.

* **Stability.** We can also construct sources that radiate an arbitraliy small amount of energy by picking $w_{\epsilon}$ such that $\|w_{\epsilon}\| = \mathcal{O}(\epsilon)$ and $\|Lw_{\epsilon}\| = \mathcal{O}(1)$ as $\epsilon\downarrow 0$. Then $K(q + r_{\epsilon}) = d + w_{\epsilon}$ and small perturbation in data leads to large perturbation in the solution.
* **Stability.** We can also construct sources that radiate an arbitrarily small amount of energy by picking $w_{\epsilon}$ such that $\|w_{\epsilon}\| = \mathcal{O}(\epsilon)$ and $\|Lw_{\epsilon}\| = \mathcal{O}(1)$ as $\epsilon\downarrow 0$. Then $K(q + r_{\epsilon}) = d + w_{\epsilon}$ and small perturbation in data leads to large perturbation in the solution.

This will be explored in more detail in the assignments.

### Inverse scattering
Under the weak scatterin assumption, the scattered field is given by
Under the weak scattering assumption, the scattered field is given by

$$
v_s(t,x) = \int\int u(x')\frac{\partial^2 v_i}{\partial t^2}(t',x')g(t-t',x,x')\mathrm{d}t'\mathrm{d}x',
Expand All @@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ Ku(t,x) = \int_{\Omega} u(x')g(t,x-x') \mathrm{d}x',
$$

with measurements on the sphere with radius $\rho$.
A popular techique to solve the inverse problem is *backpropagation*, which is based on applying the adjoint of the forward operator to the data. The adjoint operator in this case is given by
A popular technique to solve the inverse problem is *backpropagation*, which is based on applying the adjoint of the forward operator to the data. The adjoint operator in this case is given by

$$
K^* f(x) = \int_{\Delta}\int_0^T g(t',x'-x)f(t',x') \mathrm{d}x'\mathrm{d}t'.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -506,7 +506,7 @@ $$
c_{k+1} = c_k - \alpha_k DK(c_k)^{\dagger}(K(c_k) - d),
$$

where $\alpha_k$ is a scaling factor. Again, we see that backprojection plays a prominant role. It turns out that this iteration is equivalent to a steepest descent method applied to $J(c) = \|K(c) - d\|^2$.
where $\alpha_k$ is a scaling factor. Again, we see that backprojection plays a prominent role. It turns out that this iteration is equivalent to a steepest descent method applied to $J(c) = \|K(c) - d\|^2$.

+++

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -538,8 +538,8 @@ For measurements at $x = 1$ this simplifies to

$$f(t) = v(t,1) = \frac{1}{2}\int_{-1/2}^{1/2} u(x') H(t - |1 - x'|) \mathrm{d}x'.$$

This leads to the desired expression becuase we need $t \geq (1-x')$.
To show that this a bounded operator consider
This leads to the desired expression because we need $t \geq (1-x')$.
To show that this is a bounded operator consider

$$\|f\|^2 = \int_0^T \left(\frac{1}{2}\int_{\max(\min(1-t,1/2),0)}^{1/2} u(x')\mathrm{d}x'\right)^2 \mathrm{d}t \leq \frac{1}{4}\int_0^T (1/2-\max(\min(1-t,1/2),0))\int_{-1/2}^{1/2} u(x')^2 \mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}t = C \|u\|_2^2,$$

Expand Down