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finite group + minor in 5.8
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marcbezem committed Jan 24, 2025
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21 changes: 13 additions & 8 deletions actions.tex
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Expand Up @@ -1278,8 +1278,8 @@ \section{Invariant maps and orbits}
\end{proof}

\begin{corollary}\label{cor:orbit-equiv}\MB{New:}
Being surjective, the map $[\blank] : X(\sh_G) \to X/G$ induces\footnote{%
\MB{To do in Chapter 2, then refer to it.}}
Being surjective, the map $[\blank] : X(\sh_G) \to X/G$ induces
by \cref{xca:map-induces-quotient}\ref{it:surj-ind-quot=codomain}
an equivalence between the induced quotient of $X(\sh_G)$ and $X/G$.
\end{corollary}

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -2102,31 +2102,36 @@ \section{The lemma that is not Burnside's}
\label{sec:burnsides-lemma}
\label{lem:burnsides-lemma}

\begin{definition}\label{def:finite-group}\MB{Where?}
A group $G$ is a \emph{finite group} if $\isfinset(\USymG)$.
\index{finite group}\index{group!finite}
\end{definition}

\begin{lemma}
\label{lem:burnside}
Let $G$ be a finite group acting on a finite set $X$.
Then the set of orbits is finite with cardinality
\[
\Card(X/G) = \frac1{\Card(G)}\sum_{g:\El G}\Card(X^g),
\Card(X/G) = \frac1{\Card(G)}\sum_{g:\USymG}\Card(X^g),
\]
where $X^g = \setof{x:X}{gx=x}$ is the set of elements
where $X^g = \setof{x:X}{g\cdot x = x}$ is the set of elements
that are fixed by $g$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Since $X$ and $G$ is finite, we can decide equality of their elements.
Hence each $X^g$ is a finite set, and since $G$ is finite,
we can decide whether $x,y$ are in the same orbit by searching
for a $g : \El G$ with $gx = y$.
for a $g : \USymG$ with $g\cdot x = y$.
Hence the set of orbits is a finite set as well.

Consider now the set $R \defeq \sum_{g:\El G} X^g$,
Consider now the set $R \defeq \sum_{g:\USymG} X^g$,
and the function $q : R \to X$
defined by $q(g,x) \defeq x$.
The map $q^{-1}(x) \to G_x$ that sends $(g,x)$ to $g$ is a bijection.
Thus, we get the equivalences
\[
R \jdeq \sum_{g:\El G} X^g \equiv \sum_{x:X} G_x
\equiv \sum_{z:X/G} \sum_{x : \mathcal O_z} G_x,
R \jdeq \sum_{g:\USymG} X^g \equivto \sum_{x:X} G_x
\equivto \sum_{z:X/G} \sum_{x : \mathcal O_z} G_x,
\]
where the last step writes $X$ as a union of orbits.
Within each orbit $\mathcal O_z$,
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions intro-uf.tex
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Expand Up @@ -3901,9 +3901,9 @@ \subsection{Set quotients}
\glossary[A/f]{$A/f$}{quotient induced by $f:A\to B$}
Now:
\begin{enumerate}
\item\label{it:inj-ind-settrunc-domain}
\item\label{it:inj-ind-settrunc=domain}
If $f$ is injective, give an equivalence from $A/f$ to $\setTrunc{A}$;
\item\label{it:surj-ind-equiv-codomain}
\item\label{it:surj-ind-quot=codomain}
If $B$ is a set and $f$ surjective, give an equivalence from $A/f$ to $B$.\qedhere
\end{enumerate}
\end{xca}
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