feat(r/sedonadb): Add R bindings

[paleolimbot]

This PR adds R bindings to sedonadb. The exposed functionality is slightly less than that of Python but has generally the same scope (SQL, Arrow-based interop with the rest of the ecosystem). This works (and is tested on CI) for MacOS and Linux...Windows I ran into some trouble with and is a battle for a different day.

library(sedonadb)

url <- "https://github.com/geoarrow/geoarrow-data/releases/download/v0.2.0/microsoft-buildings_point_geo.parquet"
sd_read_parquet(url) |> sd_to_view("buildings", overwrite = TRUE)

filter <- "POLYGON ((-73.4341 44.0087, -73.4341 43.7981, -73.2531 43.7981, -73.2531 43.8889, -73.1531 43.8889, -73.1531 44.0087, -73.4341 44.0087))"

sd_sql(glue::glue("
  SELECT * FROM buildings
  WHERE ST_Intersects(ST_SetSRID(ST_GeomFromText('{filter}'), 4326), geometry)
")) |> sd_preview()
#> ┌─────────────────────────────────┐
#> │             geometry            │
#> │             geometry            │
#> ╞═════════════════════════════════╡
#> │ POINT(-73.29533522 44.00847556) │
#> ├╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┤
#> │ POINT(-73.29092778 44.00421331) │
#> ├╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┤
#> │ POINT(-73.277808 43.998823)     │
#> ├╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┤
#> │ POINT(-73.277524 44.004619)     │
#> ├╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┤
#> │ POINT(-73.2774573 44.0044719)   │
#> ├╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌╌┤
#> │ POINT(-73.27775838 44.0046742)  │
#> └─────────────────────────────────┘
#> Preview of up to 6 row(s)

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR adds comprehensive R bindings for Apache SedonaDB, providing R users with access to a lightweight spatial query engine with SQL capabilities and Arrow-based interoperability. The implementation includes full test coverage and CI support for macOS and Linux platforms.

Key changes:

• R package structure with Rust backend integration using savvy framework
• Spatial data processing capabilities with Arrow/nanoarrow integration
• Test suite covering dataframes, contexts, and ADBC driver functionality

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 51 out of 57 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
r/sedonadb/tests/testthat/*.R	Comprehensive test suite for dataframe operations, context management, and ADBC driver
r/sedonadb/src/rust/src/*.rs	Rust implementation providing core functionality for contexts, dataframes, and runtime management
r/sedonadb/src/*.c, *.h	C interface and initialization code for R integration
r/sedonadb/R/*.R	R package code implementing user-facing API and S3 methods
r/sedonadb/man/*.Rd	Documentation files for exported functions
r/sedonadb/DESCRIPTION, NAMESPACE	Package metadata and exported functions
.github/workflows/r.yml	CI configuration for testing R package on multiple platforms
Cargo.toml	Updated workspace to include R package's Rust components

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