[ty] Support @classmethod and @staticmethod protocol members

[charliermarsh]

Summary

This PR builds on #25332 to add support for protocol members declared with @classmethod or @staticmethod.

We now distinguish regular instance methods from class/static methods when deriving a protocol member's access capabilities. A regular method exposes a bound callable through an instance and an unbound callable through the class; a classmethod or staticmethod exposes the same descriptor-resolved callable through both. This lets us check both access paths without treating decorated methods as Todo.

Classmethods and staticmethods are structurally equivalent when their exposed signatures match, so either can satisfy either protocol form:

class Parser(Protocol):
    @classmethod
    def parse(cls, value: str) -> int: ...

class Implementation:
    @staticmethod
    def parse(value: str) -> int: ...

The same model supports overloaded decorated methods and binds Self to the implementation type. Regular instance methods do not satisfy these members because their class-level access remains unbound. General type[P] and meta-protocol support remains outside the scope of this change.

[astral-sh-bot]

Typing conformance results

No changes detected ✅

Current numbers

The percentage of diagnostics emitted that were expected errors held steady at 94.44%. The percentage of expected errors that received a diagnostic held steady at 90.21%. The number of fully passing files held steady at 95/134.

[astral-sh-bot]

Memory usage report

Memory usage unchanged ✅

[astral-sh-bot]

ecosystem-analyzer results

Lint rule	Added	Removed	Changed
no-matching-overload	30	0	0
invalid-argument-type	10	0	0
Total	40	0	0

Flaky changes detected. This PR summary excludes flaky changes; see the HTML report for details.

Raw diff (40 changes)

pycryptodome (https://github.com/Legrandin/pycryptodome)
+ lib/Crypto/Cipher/PKCS1_OAEP.py:73:49 error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `Hash | HashModule`, found `Unknown | <module 'Crypto.Hash.SHA1'>`
+ lib/Crypto/SelfTest/Cipher/test_pkcs1_oaep.py:291:40 error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `new` is incorrect: Expected `HashLikeClass | None`, found `<module 'Crypto.Hash.SHA1'>`
+ lib/Crypto/SelfTest/Cipher/test_pkcs1_oaep.py:308:40 error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `new` is incorrect: Expected `HashLikeClass | None`, found `<module 'Crypto.Hash.SHA1'>`
+ lib/Crypto/SelfTest/Cipher/test_pkcs1_oaep.py:342:49 error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `new` is incorrect: Expected `HashLikeClass | None`, found `<module 'Crypto.Hash.MD2'> | <module 'Crypto.Hash.MD5'> | <module 'Crypto.Hash.SHA1'> | <module 'Crypto.Hash.SHA256'> | <module 'Crypto.Hash.RIPEMD160'>`
+ lib/Crypto/SelfTest/Cipher/test_pkcs1_oaep.py:416:48 error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `Hash | HashModule`, found `<module 'Crypto.Hash.SHA1'>`
+ lib/Crypto/SelfTest/Cipher/test_pkcs1_oaep.py:418:48 error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `Hash | HashModule`, found `<module 'Crypto.Hash.SHA224'>`
+ lib/Crypto/SelfTest/Cipher/test_pkcs1_oaep.py:420:48 error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `Hash | HashModule`, found `<module 'Crypto.Hash.SHA256'>`
+ lib/Crypto/SelfTest/Cipher/test_pkcs1_oaep.py:422:48 error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `Hash | HashModule`, found `<module 'Crypto.Hash.SHA384'>`
+ lib/Crypto/SelfTest/Cipher/test_pkcs1_oaep.py:424:48 error[invalid-argument-type] Argument is incorrect: Expected `Hash | HashModule`, found `<module 'Crypto.Hash.SHA512'>`

scrapy (https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy)
+ tests/test_spidermiddleware_start.py:13:14 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_spidermiddleware_start.py:30:14 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ scrapy/core/scheduler.py:450:16 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ scrapy/core/scheduler.py:464:13 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_downloader_handler_twisted_ftp.py:70:14 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_downloader_handlers.py:123:28 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_downloader_handlers.py:164:23 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_downloader_handlers.py:189:18 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_downloader_handlers.py:316:9 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_downloader_handlers.py:322:28 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_downloadermiddleware_redirect.py:399:19 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_downloadermiddleware_redirect.py:419:10 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_downloadermiddleware_redirect.py:433:10 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_downloadermiddleware_redirect.py:456:10 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_downloadermiddleware_redirect_metarefresh.py:146:10 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_extension_throttle.py:42:9 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_extension_throttle.py:45:13 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_extension_throttle.py:59:9 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_extension_throttle.py:84:10 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_extension_throttle.py:101:10 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_extension_throttle.py:150:10 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_extension_throttle.py:176:10 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_extension_throttle.py:206:10 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_extension_throttle.py:242:10 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_extension_throttle.py:274:10 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_extension_throttle.py:296:10 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_extension_throttle.py:326:10 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_pqueues.py:296:13 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_spidermiddleware_depth.py:69:14 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments
+ tests/test_spidermiddleware_urllength.py:54:9 error[no-matching-overload] No overload of function `build_from_crawler` matches arguments

static-frame (https://github.com/static-frame/static-frame)
+ static_frame/test/unit/test_bus.py:665:53 error[invalid-argument-type] Argument to function `StoreConfigMap.from_frames` is incorrect: Expected `FromFrameProtocol[StoreConfigBase]`, found `<class 'StoreConfigSQLite'>`

Full report with detailed diff (timing results)

[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will degrade performance by 6.68%

❌ 1 regressed benchmark
✅ 74 untouched benchmarks
⏩ 64 skipped benchmarks¹

Warning

Please fix the performance issues or acknowledge them on CodSpeed.

Performance Changes

	Mode	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Efficiency
❌	Simulation	DateType	201.6 ms	216.1 ms	-6.68%

Tip

Investigate this regression with the CodSpeed MCP and your agent.

---

_{Comparing charlie/protocol-decorated-method-members (cf12531) with charlie/protocol-property-check-2 (8f86bcf)}

Footnotes

1. 64 benchmarks were skipped, so the baseline results were used instead. If they were deleted from the codebase, click here and archive them to remove them from the performance reports. ↩