⚡️ Speed up method BaseArangoService.get_user_by_user_id by 17%

[codeflash-ai]

📄 17% (0.17x) speedup for BaseArangoService.get_user_by_user_id in backend/python/app/connectors/services/base_arango_service.py

⏱️ Runtime : 4.66 milliseconds → 3.97 milliseconds (best of 142 runs)

📝 Explanation and details

The optimization achieved a 17% runtime improvement by eliminating redundant string formatting operations in the database query construction. Here's what changed and why it's faster:

Key Optimization: Precomputed Query String

What Changed:

• Moved the AQL query string construction from inside the method to a module-level constant _USER_BY_USER_ID_QUERY
• Eliminated the f-string formatting that was happening on every method call
• Reduced variable assignments within the try block

Why It's Faster:
The line profiler reveals the performance bottleneck was in query string construction. In the original code, lines constructing the query consumed 16.2% of total execution time (4.2% + 12%), while the database execution itself took 70.2%. In the optimized version, this overhead is eliminated entirely since the query string is precomputed at module load time.

Performance Analysis:

• Runtime improvement: 4.66ms → 3.97ms (17% faster)
• Throughput improvement: 235,480 → 238,844 operations/second (1.4% increase)
• The database execution (85.6% of optimized time) now dominates, indicating the string formatting overhead has been successfully removed

Impact on Workloads:
This optimization is particularly beneficial for:

• High-frequency user lookups - The test cases show consistent improvements across concurrent loads (10-500 operations)
• Database-heavy applications - Where this method might be called thousands of times per second
• Latency-sensitive operations - The 17% reduction in method execution time directly reduces response times

The optimization maintains identical functionality and error handling while eliminating a pure computational overhead that was occurring on every method invocation.

✅ Correctness verification report:

Test	Status
⚙️ Existing Unit Tests	🔘 None Found
🌀 Generated Regression Tests	✅ 1714 Passed
⏪ Replay Tests	🔘 None Found
🔎 Concolic Coverage Tests	🔘 None Found
📊 Tests Coverage	100.0%

🌀 Generated Regression Tests and Runtime

import asyncio # used to run async functions
from typing import Dict, Optional

import pytest # used for our unit tests
from app.connectors.services.base_arango_service import BaseArangoService

--- Mock classes and constants to support testing ---

class MockLogger:
def init(self):
self.errors = []
def error(self, msg):
self.errors.append(msg)

class MockCursor:
def init(self, results):
self.results = results
self.index = 0
def iter(self):
return self
def next(self):
if self.index < len(self.results):
val = self.results[self.index]
self.index += 1
return val
raise StopIteration

class MockAQL:
def init(self, users_collection):
self.users_collection = users_collection
def execute(self, query, bind_vars):
# Simulate ArangoDB query filtering for userId
user_id = bind_vars.get("user_id")
results = [user for user in self.users_collection if user.get("userId") == user_id]
return MockCursor(results)

class MockDB:
def init(self, users_collection):
self.aql = MockAQL(users_collection)

class CollectionNames:
class USERS:
value = "users"
from app.connectors.services.base_arango_service import BaseArangoService

--- Test fixtures and helpers ---

@pytest.fixture
def mock_logger():
return MockLogger()

@pytest.fixture
def mock_config_service():
# Dummy config service for constructor
return object()

@pytest.fixture
def mock_arango_client():
# Dummy client for constructor
return object()

@pytest.fixture
def make_service(mock_logger, mock_arango_client, mock_config_service):
def _make(users_collection):
service = BaseArangoService(mock_logger, mock_arango_client, mock_config_service)
service.db = MockDB(users_collection)
return service
return _make

--- Basic Test Cases ---

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_returns_user(make_service):
"""Test that the function returns the correct user dict when user_id exists."""
users = [{"userId": "abc123", "name": "Alice"}, {"userId": "def456", "name": "Bob"}]
service = make_service(users)
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("abc123")

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_returns_none_for_missing(make_service):
"""Test that the function returns None when user_id is not found."""
users = [{"userId": "abc123", "name": "Alice"}]
service = make_service(users)
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("notfound")

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_basic_async_behavior(make_service):
"""Test basic async/await behavior for the function."""
users = [{"userId": "xyz789", "name": "Charlie"}]
service = make_service(users)
# Await the function and check result
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("xyz789")

--- Edge Test Cases ---

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_empty_user_id(make_service):
"""Test with empty user_id string."""
users = [{"userId": "", "name": "Empty"}]
service = make_service(users)
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("")

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_none_user_id(make_service):
"""Test with user_id=None (should not match any user, returns None)."""
users = [{"userId": "abc123", "name": "Alice"}]
service = make_service(users)
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id(None)

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_multiple_users_same_id(make_service):
"""Test when multiple users have the same userId (should return the first one)."""
users = [
{"userId": "dup", "name": "First"},
{"userId": "dup", "name": "Second"},
]
service = make_service(users)
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("dup")

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_special_characters(make_service):
"""Test user_id with special characters."""
users = [{"userId": "!@#$%^&()", "name": "Special"}]
service = make_service(users)
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("!@#$%^&()")

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_concurrent_execution(make_service):
"""Test concurrent execution of multiple requests."""
users = [
{"userId": "u1", "name": "A"},
{"userId": "u2", "name": "B"},
{"userId": "u3", "name": "C"},
]
service = make_service(users)
# Run concurrent requests for all userIds
results = await asyncio.gather(
service.get_user_by_user_id("u1"),
service.get_user_by_user_id("u2"),
service.get_user_by_user_id("u3"),
service.get_user_by_user_id("notfound"),
)

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_exception_handling(make_service, mock_logger):
"""Test that exceptions are handled and logged, returning None."""
# Simulate DB that raises exception
class FailingDB:
class aql:
@staticmethod
def execute(query, bind_vars):
raise RuntimeError("Database error")
service = BaseArangoService(mock_logger, object(), object())
service.db = FailingDB()
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("abc123")

--- Large Scale Test Cases ---

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_many_users(make_service):
"""Test with a large number of users (up to 500)."""
users = [{"userId": f"user{i}", "name": f"User{i}"} for i in range(500)]
service = make_service(users)
# Check a few random userIds
for i in [0, 100, 499]:
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id(f"user{i}")
# Check missing user
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("user500")

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_concurrent_large_scale(make_service):
"""Test concurrent execution with many users (up to 100)."""
users = [{"userId": f"user{i}", "name": f"User{i}"} for i in range(100)]
service = make_service(users)
user_ids = [f"user{i}" for i in range(100)]
# Run concurrent requests for all userIds
results = await asyncio.gather(*[service.get_user_by_user_id(uid) for uid in user_ids])
for i, result in enumerate(results):
pass

--- Throughput Test Cases ---

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_throughput_small_load(make_service):
"""Throughput test: small load (10 concurrent requests)."""
users = [{"userId": f"user{i}", "name": f"User{i}"} for i in range(10)]
service = make_service(users)
user_ids = [f"user{i}" for i in range(10)]
results = await asyncio.gather(*[service.get_user_by_user_id(uid) for uid in user_ids])

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_throughput_medium_load(make_service):
"""Throughput test: medium load (50 concurrent requests)."""
users = [{"userId": f"user{i}", "name": f"User{i}"} for i in range(50)]
service = make_service(users)
user_ids = [f"user{i}" for i in range(50)]
results = await asyncio.gather(*[service.get_user_by_user_id(uid) for uid in user_ids])

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_throughput_high_volume(make_service):
"""Throughput test: high volume (200 concurrent requests)."""
users = [{"userId": f"user{i}", "name": f"User{i}"} for i in range(200)]
service = make_service(users)
user_ids = [f"user{i}" for i in range(200)]
results = await asyncio.gather(*[service.get_user_by_user_id(uid) for uid in user_ids])

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_throughput_mixed_found_and_missing(make_service):
"""Throughput test: mix of found and missing userIds."""
users = [{"userId": f"user{i}", "name": f"User{i}"} for i in range(20)]
service = make_service(users)
user_ids = [f"user{i}" for i in range(10)] + [f"missing{i}" for i in range(10)]
results = await asyncio.gather(*[service.get_user_by_user_id(uid) for uid in user_ids])
# First 10 should be found, last 10 should be None
for i in range(10):
pass
for i in range(10, 20):
pass

codeflash_output is used to check that the output of the original code is the same as that of the optimized code.

#------------------------------------------------
import asyncio # used to run async functions
from typing import Dict, Optional

import pytest # used for our unit tests
from app.connectors.services.base_arango_service import BaseArangoService

--- Begin: Original function under test (do not modify) ---

class DummyLogger:
"""Dummy logger for testing."""
def init(self):
self.errors = []
def error(self, msg):
self.errors.append(msg)

class DummyCursor:
"""Dummy cursor that mimics ArangoDB cursor behavior."""
def init(self, results):
self._results = results
self._index = 0
def iter(self):
return self
def next(self):
if self._index < len(self._results):
result = self._results[self._index]
self._index += 1
return result
raise StopIteration

class DummyAQL:
"""Dummy AQL executor for testing."""
def init(self, user_data_map, should_raise=False):
self.user_data_map = user_data_map
self.should_raise = should_raise
self.last_query = None
self.last_bind_vars = None
def execute(self, query, bind_vars):
self.last_query = query
self.last_bind_vars = bind_vars
if self.should_raise:
raise Exception("AQL execution error")
user_id = bind_vars.get("user_id")
result = []
if user_id in self.user_data_map:
result.append(self.user_data_map[user_id])
return DummyCursor(result)

class DummyDB:
"""Dummy DB object with AQL executor."""
def init(self, user_data_map, should_raise=False):
self.aql = DummyAQL(user_data_map, should_raise=should_raise)

class DummyArangoClient:
"""Dummy ArangoClient (unused in these tests)."""
pass

class DummyConfigService:
"""Dummy ConfigService (unused in these tests)."""
pass

class DummyKafkaService:
"""Dummy KafkaService (unused in these tests)."""
pass

class CollectionNames:
USERS = type('Enum', (), {'value': 'users'})
from app.connectors.services.base_arango_service import BaseArangoService

--- End: Original function under test ---

------------------- UNIT TESTS -------------------

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_basic_found():
"""Basic test: user exists and is returned correctly."""
user_data = {"userId": "abc123", "name": "Alice"}
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB({"abc123": user_data})
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("abc123")

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_basic_not_found():
"""Basic test: user does not exist, should return None."""
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB({"abc123": {"userId": "abc123", "name": "Alice"}})
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("doesnotexist")

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_basic_empty_user_id():
"""Basic test: empty user_id should return None."""
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB({})
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("")

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_basic_none_user_id():
"""Edge test: None as user_id should return None."""
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB({})
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id(None)

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_edge_special_characters():
"""Edge test: user_id with special characters."""
user_data = {"userId": "!@#$%^", "name": "Bob"}
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB({"!@#$%^": user_data})
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("!@#$%^")

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_edge_numeric_user_id():
"""Edge test: numeric user_id as string."""
user_data = {"userId": "123456", "name": "Charlie"}
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB({"123456": user_data})
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("123456")

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_edge_exception_handling():
"""Edge test: Simulate exception in DB layer, should log error and return None."""
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
# Simulate DB raising exception
service.db = DummyDB({}, should_raise=True)
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id("abc123")

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_edge_large_user_id():
"""Edge test: very large user_id string."""
large_user_id = "u" * 512
user_data = {"userId": large_user_id, "name": "LargeUser"}
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB({large_user_id: user_data})
result = await service.get_user_by_user_id(large_user_id)

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_concurrent_requests():
"""Edge test: concurrent execution with different user_ids."""
user_data_map = {
"user1": {"userId": "user1", "name": "U1"},
"user2": {"userId": "user2", "name": "U2"},
"user3": {"userId": "user3", "name": "U3"},
}
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB(user_data_map)
# Run concurrent requests
results = await asyncio.gather(
service.get_user_by_user_id("user1"),
service.get_user_by_user_id("user2"),
service.get_user_by_user_id("user3"),
service.get_user_by_user_id("missing"),
)

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_concurrent_with_exceptions():
"""Edge test: concurrent requests including some that raise exceptions."""
user_data_map = {
"userA": {"userId": "userA", "name": "Alpha"},
"userB": {"userId": "userB", "name": "Beta"},
}
logger = DummyLogger()
service_ok = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service_ok.db = DummyDB(user_data_map)
service_fail = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service_fail.db = DummyDB({}, should_raise=True)
# Mix of successful and failing calls
results = await asyncio.gather(
service_ok.get_user_by_user_id("userA"),
service_fail.get_user_by_user_id("userX"),
service_ok.get_user_by_user_id("userB"),
service_fail.get_user_by_user_id("userY"),
)

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_large_scale_many_users():
"""Large scale test: many users, concurrent requests."""
user_data_map = {f"user{i}": {"userId": f"user{i}", "name": f"User{i}"} for i in range(100)}
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB(user_data_map)
user_ids = [f"user{i}" for i in range(100)]
results = await asyncio.gather(*(service.get_user_by_user_id(uid) for uid in user_ids))
for i, result in enumerate(results):
pass

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_large_scale_mixed_found_missing():
"""Large scale test: mix of found and missing users."""
user_data_map = {f"user{i}": {"userId": f"user{i}", "name": f"User{i}"} for i in range(50)}
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB(user_data_map)
user_ids = [f"user{i}" for i in range(60)] # 10 missing
results = await asyncio.gather(*(service.get_user_by_user_id(uid) for uid in user_ids))
for i in range(50):
pass
for i in range(50, 60):
pass

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_throughput_small_load():
"""Throughput test: small load, verify all requests succeed quickly."""
user_data_map = {f"user{i}": {"userId": f"user{i}", "name": f"User{i}"} for i in range(10)}
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB(user_data_map)
user_ids = [f"user{i}" for i in range(10)]
results = await asyncio.gather(*(service.get_user_by_user_id(uid) for uid in user_ids))

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_throughput_medium_load():
"""Throughput test: medium load, verify all requests succeed."""
user_data_map = {f"user{i}": {"userId": f"user{i}", "name": f"User{i}"} for i in range(100)}
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB(user_data_map)
user_ids = [f"user{i}" for i in range(100)]
results = await asyncio.gather(*(service.get_user_by_user_id(uid) for uid in user_ids))

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_throughput_high_volume():
"""Throughput test: high volume, verify all requests succeed and are correct."""
user_data_map = {f"user{i}": {"userId": f"user{i}", "name": f"User{i}"} for i in range(500)}
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB(user_data_map)
user_ids = [f"user{i}" for i in range(500)]
results = await asyncio.gather(*(service.get_user_by_user_id(uid) for uid in user_ids))

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_get_user_by_user_id_throughput_mixed_load():
"""Throughput test: high volume, mix of found and missing users."""
user_data_map = {f"user{i}": {"userId": f"user{i}", "name": f"User{i}"} for i in range(250)}
logger = DummyLogger()
service = BaseArangoService(logger, DummyArangoClient(), DummyConfigService())
service.db = DummyDB(user_data_map)
user_ids = [f"user{i}" for i in range(500)] # 250 missing
results = await asyncio.gather(*(service.get_user_by_user_id(uid) for uid in user_ids))
for i in range(250):
pass
for i in range(250, 500):
pass

codeflash_output is used to check that the output of the original code is the same as that of the optimized code.

To edit these changes git checkout codeflash/optimize-BaseArangoService.get_user_by_user_id-mhygukwr and push.