build(deps): bump the docker group across 2 directories with 3 updates

[dependabot]

Warning

Cooldown could not be applied because no publication date was available from the registry.

Bumps the docker group with 2 updates in the / directory: golang and debian.
Bumps the docker group with 1 update in the /sandbox directory: python.

Updates golang from 1.26-alpine to 1.27-alpine

Updates debian from abd67ff to 8820086

Updates python from a3ab0b9 to 1042b61

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[redpandabot]

Summary

Dependabot bump: golang 1.26→1.27 (bookworm digest pin + alpine), debian:bookworm-slim and python:3.11-slim digest refreshes across Dockerfile, Dockerfile.mcp, Dockerfile.proxy, sandbox/Dockerfile. I verified every pinned digest against the Docker Registry API and all match the real current tags of the exact images named; go.mod stays go 1.26.6, which Go 1.27 builds fine (backward compatible). Clean bump; only one CI-coverage concern below.

Issues

• 🟡 Dockerfile:12 — Go 1.26→1.27 major bump is never compiled by CI — The golang 1.27 bump in Dockerfile/Dockerfile.mcp/Dockerfile.proxy is not exercised by any CI job: docker.yml's PR/push trigger paths list only goreleaser..Dockerfile and sandbox/**, so only the sandbox/Dockerfile python change gets build-verified here, and setup-go everywhere pins go.mod's 1.26.6. A Go 1.27-only compile break would merge silently. Scope is limited (these images serve make docker / docker-compose dev builds and ad-hoc Dockerfile.mcp/proxy builds; published sandbox/infra images are unaffected since goreleaser builds binaries on go.mod's 1.26.6), so likely fine — but worth adding Dockerfile to docker.yml triggers for future major bumps.

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_{Reviewed @ 690a24af
"It's not a bug, it's an undocumented feature." — anonymous}