refactoring Refactoring Effort How often used Outcome Member(s) Rename field/method low often more consistent naming, better readability everyone Extract method/function medium often better readabilty, prepare for future code reuse David Move method/type low often better readability, more modular code David Componentization high often separate code units with clear interfaces Håvard Remove Duplicated Code medium sometimes reduced code redundancy, improved maintainability, codebase will be easier to modify and update Filippa Field encapsulation low sometimes Provides more control over variables Carin Generalize type medium moderately enables code-sharing, better maintainability because of less code Alexander