Refactor student CRUD API: Modular routes, .env config, error handling

flask-mongo/.env

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+MONGO_URI=mongodb://localhost:27017/

flask-mongo/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.env
+__pycache__/
+venv/

flask-mongo/app.py

@@ -1,43 +1,30 @@
-from flask import Flask, request, jsonify
-from pymongo import MongoClient
+from flask import Flask
 from flask_cors import CORS
-import collections.abc
-
-
-app = Flask(__name__)
-cors = CORS(app, resources={r"/api/*": {"origins": "*"}})
+from pymongo import MongoClient
+from config import Config
+from routes.students import students_bp
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
 
-# Connect to MongoDB
-client = MongoClient('mongodb://mongo:27017/')
-db = client['studentsdb']
-students_collection = db['students']
+load_dotenv()
 
-@app.route('/students', methods=['GET'])
-def get_students():
-    students = list(students_collection.find({}, {'_id': 0}))
-    return jsonify(students)
+def create_app():
+    app = Flask(__name__)
+    CORS(app, resources={r"/api/*": {"origins": "*"}})
 
-@app.route('/students/<student_id>', methods=['GET'])
-def get_student(student_id):
-    student = students_collection.find_one({'student_id': student_id}, {'_id': 0})
-    return jsonify(student)
+    # MongoDB connection
+    client = MongoClient(Config.MONGO_URI)
+    db = client['studentsdb']
+    app.db = db
 
-@app.route('/students', methods=['POST'])
-def create_student():
-    new_student = request.json
-    students_collection.insert_one(new_student)
-    return jsonify({'message': 'Student created successfully'})
+    # Register blueprint
+    app.register_blueprint(students_bp, url_prefix="/api/students")
 
-@app.route('/students/<student_id>', methods=['PUT'])
-def update_student(student_id):
-    updated_student = request.json
-    students_collection.update_one({'student_id': student_id}, {'$set': updated_student})
-    return jsonify({'message': 'Student updated successfully'})
+    @app.route("/")
+    def home():
+        return {"message": "Student API is running"}, 200
 
-@app.route('/students/<student_id>', methods=['DELETE'])
-def delete_student(student_id):
-    students_collection.delete_one({'student_id': student_id})
-    return jsonify({'message': 'Student deleted successfully'})
+    return app
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=6000, debug=True)
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    app = create_app()
+    app.run(host="0.0.0.0", port=6000, debug=True)

flask-mongo/config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import os
+
+class Config:
+    MONGO_URI = os.getenv("MONGO_URI", "mongodb://localhost:27017/")

flask-mongo/routes/students.py

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from flask import Blueprint, request, jsonify, current_app
+
+students_bp = Blueprint("students", __name__)
+
+@students_bp.route("/", methods=["GET"])
+def get_students():
+    students = list(current_app.db.students.find({}, {"_id": 0}))
+    return jsonify(students), 200
+
+@students_bp.route("/<student_id>", methods=["GET"])
+def get_student(student_id):
+    student = current_app.db.students.find_one({"student_id": student_id}, {"_id": 0})
+    if not student:
+        return jsonify({"error": "Student not found"}), 404
+    return jsonify(student), 200
+
+@students_bp.route("/", methods=["POST"])
+def create_student():
+    new_student = request.json
+    current_app.db.students.insert_one(new_student)
+    return jsonify({"message": "Student created successfully"}), 201
+
+@students_bp.route("/<student_id>", methods=["PUT"])
+def update_student(student_id):
+    updated_student = request.json
+    result = current_app.db.students.update_one({"student_id": student_id}, {"$set": updated_student})
+    if result.matched_count == 0:
+        return jsonify({"error": "Student not found"}), 404
+    return jsonify({"message": "Student updated successfully"}), 200
+
+@students_bp.route("/<student_id>", methods=["DELETE"])
+def delete_student(student_id):
+    result = current_app.db.students.delete_one({"student_id": student_id})
+    if result.deleted_count == 0:
+        return jsonify({"error": "Student not found"}), 404
+    return jsonify({"message": "Student deleted successfully"}), 200

venv/Lib/site-packages/_distutils_hack/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+# don't import any costly modules
+import sys
+import os
+
+
+is_pypy = '__pypy__' in sys.builtin_module_names
+
+
+def warn_distutils_present():
+    if 'distutils' not in sys.modules:
+        return
+    if is_pypy and sys.version_info < (3, 7):
+        # PyPy for 3.6 unconditionally imports distutils, so bypass the warning
+        # https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/blob/be829135bc0d758997b3566062999ee8b23872b4/lib-python/3/site.py#L250
+        return
+    import warnings
+
+    warnings.warn(
+        "Distutils was imported before Setuptools, but importing Setuptools "
+        "also replaces the `distutils` module in `sys.modules`. This may lead "
+        "to undesirable behaviors or errors. To avoid these issues, avoid "
+        "using distutils directly, ensure that setuptools is installed in the "
+        "traditional way (e.g. not an editable install), and/or make sure "
+        "that setuptools is always imported before distutils."
+    )
+
+
+def clear_distutils():
+    if 'distutils' not in sys.modules:
+        return
+    import warnings
+
+    warnings.warn("Setuptools is replacing distutils.")
+    mods = [
+        name
+        for name in sys.modules
+        if name == "distutils" or name.startswith("distutils.")
+    ]
+    for name in mods:
+        del sys.modules[name]
+
+
+def enabled():
+    """
+    Allow selection of distutils by environment variable.
+    """
+    which = os.environ.get('SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS', 'local')
+    return which == 'local'
+
+
+def ensure_local_distutils():
+    import importlib
+
+    clear_distutils()
+
+    # With the DistutilsMetaFinder in place,
+    # perform an import to cause distutils to be
+    # loaded from setuptools._distutils. Ref #2906.
+    with shim():
+        importlib.import_module('distutils')
+
+    # check that submodules load as expected
+    core = importlib.import_module('distutils.core')
+    assert '_distutils' in core.__file__, core.__file__
+    assert 'setuptools._distutils.log' not in sys.modules
+
+
+def do_override():
+    """
+    Ensure that the local copy of distutils is preferred over stdlib.
+
+    See https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/issues/417#issuecomment-392298401
+    for more motivation.
+    """
+    if enabled():
+        warn_distutils_present()
+        ensure_local_distutils()
+
+
+class _TrivialRe:
+    def __init__(self, *patterns):
+        self._patterns = patterns
+
+    def match(self, string):
+        return all(pat in string for pat in self._patterns)
+
+
+class DistutilsMetaFinder:
+    def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
+        # optimization: only consider top level modules and those
+        # found in the CPython test suite.
+        if path is not None and not fullname.startswith('test.'):
+            return
+
+        method_name = 'spec_for_{fullname}'.format(**locals())
+        method = getattr(self, method_name, lambda: None)
+        return method()
+
+    def spec_for_distutils(self):
+        if self.is_cpython():
+            return
+
+        import importlib
+        import importlib.abc
+        import importlib.util
+
+        try:
+            mod = importlib.import_module('setuptools._distutils')
+        except Exception:
+            # There are a couple of cases where setuptools._distutils
+            # may not be present:
+            # - An older Setuptools without a local distutils is
+            #   taking precedence. Ref #2957.
+            # - Path manipulation during sitecustomize removes
+            #   setuptools from the path but only after the hook
+            #   has been loaded. Ref #2980.
+            # In either case, fall back to stdlib behavior.
+            return
+
+        class DistutilsLoader(importlib.abc.Loader):
+            def create_module(self, spec):
+                mod.__name__ = 'distutils'
+                return mod
+
+            def exec_module(self, module):
+                pass
+
+        return importlib.util.spec_from_loader(
+            'distutils', DistutilsLoader(), origin=mod.__file__
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_cpython():
+        """
+        Suppress supplying distutils for CPython (build and tests).
+        Ref #2965 and #3007.
+        """
+        return os.path.isfile('pybuilddir.txt')
+
+    def spec_for_pip(self):
+        """
+        Ensure stdlib distutils when running under pip.
+        See pypa/pip#8761 for rationale.
+        """
+        if self.pip_imported_during_build():
+            return
+        clear_distutils()
+        self.spec_for_distutils = lambda: None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def pip_imported_during_build(cls):
+        """
+        Detect if pip is being imported in a build script. Ref #2355.
+        """
+        import traceback
+
+        return any(
+            cls.frame_file_is_setup(frame) for frame, line in traceback.walk_stack(None)
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def frame_file_is_setup(frame):
+        """
+        Return True if the indicated frame suggests a setup.py file.
+        """
+        # some frames may not have __file__ (#2940)
+        return frame.f_globals.get('__file__', '').endswith('setup.py')
+
+    def spec_for_sensitive_tests(self):
+        """
+        Ensure stdlib distutils when running select tests under CPython.
+
+        python/cpython#91169
+        """
+        clear_distutils()
+        self.spec_for_distutils = lambda: None
+
+    sensitive_tests = (
+        [
+            'test.test_distutils',
+            'test.test_peg_generator',
+            'test.test_importlib',
+        ]
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 10)
+        else [
+            'test.test_distutils',
+        ]
+    )
+
+
+for name in DistutilsMetaFinder.sensitive_tests:
+    setattr(
+        DistutilsMetaFinder,
+        f'spec_for_{name}',
+        DistutilsMetaFinder.spec_for_sensitive_tests,
+    )
+
+
+DISTUTILS_FINDER = DistutilsMetaFinder()
+
+
+def add_shim():
+    DISTUTILS_FINDER in sys.meta_path or insert_shim()
+
+
+class shim:
+    def __enter__(self):
+        insert_shim()
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc, value, tb):
+        remove_shim()
+
+
+def insert_shim():
+    sys.meta_path.insert(0, DISTUTILS_FINDER)
+
+
+def remove_shim():
+    try:
+        sys.meta_path.remove(DISTUTILS_FINDER)
+    except ValueError:
+        pass

venv/Lib/site-packages/_distutils_hack/override.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__import__('_distutils_hack').do_override()