crypto: ensure expected JWK alg in SubtleCrypto.importKey RSA imports

[panva]

While working on SHA-3 addition to webcrypto and updating the test suite I noticed that RSA import JWK "alg" values were forced to e.g. PS256 (depending on the digest) even for RSA-OAEP and RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 algorithms which should be rejected.

While debugging this I noticed that

1. the expected JWK "alg" prefix (RS, PS, RSA-OAEP) is not checked at all; and after fixing that by using the right normalizeHashName context that;
2. the JWK "alg" is not checked as a case-sensitive value

In this PR I made the following changes:

• normalizeHashName is now case sensitive (as the need for its lowercasing went away when I've implemented the proper WebCryptoAPI normalize algorithm routine in crypto: use WebIDL converters in WebCryptoAPI #46067)
• RSA JWK alg check uses the right RSA algorithm type context

I've updated tests to

• use the expected "alg" value on valid tests
• added tests checking for a rejection when alg mismatch happens (e.g. alg: PS256 instead of RS256 on RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 algorithm)
• added tests checking for a rejection when alg values were lowercased

You can verify the prior bugged behaviour with the following script

Details

const jwk = {
  kty: 'RSA',
  n:
    'zZn4sRGfjQos56yL_Qy1R9NI-THMnFynn94g5RxA6wGrJh4BJT3x6I9x0IbpS3q-d' +
    '4ORA6R2vuDMh8dDFRr9RDH6XY-gUScc9U5Jz3UA2KmVfsCbnUPvcAmMV_ENA7_TF0' +
    'ivVjuIFodyDTx7EKHNVTrHHSlrbt7spbmcivs23Zc',
  e: 'AQAB',
};

const results = await Promise.allSettled([
  crypto.subtle.importKey(
    'jwk',
    {
      ...jwk,
      alg: 'RS256', // RS256 is not a valid alg value for RSA-PSS
    },
    {
      name: 'RSA-PSS',
      hash: 'SHA-256',
    },
    false,
    ['verify']
  ),
  crypto.subtle.importKey(
    'jwk',
    {
      ...jwk,
      alg: 'ps256', // alg values are case-sensitive
    },
    {
      name: 'RSA-PSS',
      hash: 'SHA-256',
    },
    false,
    ['verify']
  ),
]);

results.forEach((result, i) => {
  if (result.status === 'rejected') {
    console.log('vector', i, 'correctly rejected with', result.reason.name);
  } else {
    console.log('vector', i, 'missing expected rejection');
  }
});

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/crypto

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 90.21%. Comparing base (3329efe) to head (131cf21).
Report is 27 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #57450   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   90.20%   90.21%           
=======================================
  Files         629      629           
  Lines      184948   184947    -1     
  Branches    36204    36214   +10     
=======================================
+ Hits       166837   166853   +16     
+ Misses      11057    11048    -9     
+ Partials     7054     7046    -8     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/crypto/hashnames.js	100.00% <100.00%> (+2.38%)	⬆️
lib/internal/crypto/rsa.js	92.14% <100.00%> (+0.08%)	⬆️

... and 35 files with indirect coverage changes

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[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/65758/

[panva]

cc @nodejs/web-standards

[nodejs-github-bot]

Landed in 0cfc471