[Backport 2.x] Add Star Tree unsigned-long indexing changes (#17156)

[Shailesh-Kumar-Singh]

Description

Backport of #17156

Related Issues

Resolves Issue - Handle unsigned long during flush and merge operations

Check List

• Functionality includes testing.
• API changes companion pull request created, if applicable.
• Public documentation issue/PR created, if applicable.

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[github-actions]

❕ Gradle check result for 0d7a7b5: UNSTABLE

Please review all flaky tests that succeeded after retry and create an issue if one does not already exist to track the flaky failure.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 89.69072% with 10 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 71.92%. Comparing base (f4acda3) to head (0d7a7b5).
Report is 3 commits behind head on 2.x.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...be/startree/fileformats/meta/StarTreeMetadata.java	62.50%	4 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️
...h/index/compositeindex/datacube/ReadDimension.java	75.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
...rtree/fileformats/meta/StarTreeMetadataWriter.java	85.71%	1 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##                2.x   #17161      +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage     72.06%   71.92%   -0.15%     
+ Complexity    65875    65789      -86     
============================================
  Files          5325     5329       +4     
  Lines        306408   306463      +55     
  Branches      44701    44704       +3     
============================================
- Hits         220819   220410     -409     
- Misses        67188    67626     +438     
- Partials      18401    18427      +26     

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