Paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.11933 [AACL-IJNCLP 2022]
Authors: Hugo Berg, Siobhan Mackenzie Hall, Yash Bhalgat, Wonsuk Yang, Hannah Rose Kirk, Aleksandar Shtedritski, Max Bain
Corresponding author: Hugo Berg, [email protected]
First, install PyTorch 1.7.1 (or later) and torchvision, as well as small additional dependencies, and then install the CLIP repo and this repo as Python packages. On a CUDA GPU machine, the following will do the trick:
$ conda install --yes -c pytorch pytorch=1.7.1 torchvision cudatoolkit=11.0
$ pip install ftfy regex tqdm
$ pip install git+https://github.com/openai/CLIP.git
$ pip install git+https://github.com/oxai/debias-vision-lang
| Model | ImageNet acc. (%)↑ | Gender Bias (MaxSkew) ↓ |
|---|---|---|
| CLIP (ViT-B/16) | 68.1 | 0.233 |
| Available Models: | ||
| DebiasCLIP (ViT-B/16-gender) | 67.6 | 0.113 |
Run the one of the available models, just like you would using CLIP:
import torch
import clip
import debias_clip
from PIL import Image
device = "cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu"
deb_clip_model, preprocess = debias_clip.load("ViT-B/16-gender", device=device)
#model, preprocess = clip.load("ViT-B/16", device=device)
image = torch.stack([preprocess(Image.open("figures/woman.jpg")),
preprocess(Image.open("figures/man.jpg"))]).to(device)
text = clip.tokenize(["a photo of a smart person", "a photo of a dumb person"]).to(device)
with torch.no_grad():
image_features = deb_clip_model.encode_image(image)
text_features = deb_clip_model.encode_text(text)
logits_per_image, logits_per_text = deb_clip_model(image, text)
probs = logits_per_image.softmax(dim=-1).cpu().numpy()
print("DebiasCLIP Label probs:\n", probs) # prints: [[0.47607774 0.5239223 ]
# [0.43179944 0.5682006 ]]
clip_model, preprocess = clip.load("ViT-B/16", device=device)
with torch.no_grad():
image_features = clip_model.encode_image(image)
text_features = clip_model.encode_text(text)
logits_per_image, logits_per_text = clip_model(image, text)
probs = logits_per_image.softmax(dim=-1).cpu().numpy()
print("CLIP Label probs:\n", probs) # prints: [[0.32719618 0.6728038 ]
# [0.2949169 0.70508313]]Coming Soon (see Bias Measurement.)
Coming Soon (see Debiasing.)
Large-scale, pretrained vision-language models are growing in popularity due to their impressive performance on downstream tasks with minimal additional training data. The risk and type of societal harm intimately interacts with the downstream task at hand.
In our work, we build on prior bias measurements, namely an adaptation of WEAT, harmful image misclassifications, and ranking metrics. Our aim is to demonstrate a debiasing protocol which does not assume access to the original training data, nor the resources to retrain from scratch. Thus, we focus our efforts on fine-tuning, prompting and debiasing protocols with low computational cost.
- Consists of 108 501 images of GAN-generated faces with an emphasis on a balanced composition by age, gender and ethnicity.
- Seven ethnicities included: White, Black, Indian, East Asian, South East Asian, Middle East and Latino.
- The training dataset for the utilized GAN was collected from the YFCC-100M Flickr dataset.
UTKFace Cropped image dataset:
- Contains 20 000 images and includes four distinct ethnicities: White, Black, Asian, Indian, and Others (like Hispanic, Latino, Middle Eastern).
- This is a notable limitation compared to FairFace which has individual classes for each of these.
- UTKFace is also very different to the qualitative characteristics of FairFace, in terms of large variance in lighting conditions, color quality and angle of portraits.
- OpenAI's CLIP (Radford et al., 2021)
- SLIP (Mu et al., 2021)
- Frozen in Time (Bain et al., 2021)
Measures the difference between the desired proportion of image attributes in a sensitive text query and the actual proportion. For example, given the text query “this person has a degree in mathematics”, a desired distribution of the image attribute gender could be 50% to ensure equal representation.
Employs a ranking bias measure based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence, measuring how much one distribution differs from another. This measure is non-negative, with larger values indicating a greater divergence between the desired and actual distributions of attribute labels.
To get started with measuring the bias of a CLIP-like (has a text encoder and an image encoder) model, you can simply do
import clip
import debias_clip
my_clip, _ = clip.load("RN50")
# measure bias, lower == less biased
print(debias_clip.measure_bias(my_clip, attribute="gender"))(see Figure.)
Sensitive text queries and images (with labeled attributes, e.g. Gender) are fed to their respective frozen text and image encoders. We employ an adversarial classifier which aims to predict the image attribute labels from similarity scores between the outputs of the two encoders. Learnable “debiasing” prompt tokens are prepended to the sensitive text queries and optimized to maximize the error of the adversary. We jointly train these tokens with a contrastive loss on image-text pairs (we use flickr30k train), the original CLIP objective. In this way, biased correlations between text-image similarity scores and attribute labels are reduced whilst preventing significant feature degradation.
Our code is licensed under the MIT licence. Read LICENCE for more.
@inproceedings{berg2022prompt,
title={A Prompt Array Keeps the Bias Away: Debiasing Vision-Language Models with Adversarial Learning},
author={Berg, Hugo and Hall, Siobhan Mackenzie and Bhalgat, Yash and Yang, Wonsuk and Kirk, Hannah Rose and Shtedritski, Aleksandar and Bain, Max},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 2nd Conference of the Asia-Pacific Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 12th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers)},
month={nov},
year={2022},
publisher={Association for Computational Linguistics},
url={https://aclanthology.org/2022.aacl-main.61},
pages={806--822},
}If you use FairFace or UTKFace to measure bias in your model please also consider citing their datasets