[rfile] Introduce RFile first prototype

io/io/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ ROOT_LINKER_LIBRARY(RIO
   src/TStreamerInfoReadBuffer.cxx
   src/TStreamerInfoWriteBuffer.cxx
   src/TZIPFile.cxx
+  src/RFile.cxx
   $<TARGET_OBJECTS:RootPcmObjs>
   LIBRARIES
     ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS}
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ if(uring)
 endif()
 
 ROOT_GENERATE_DICTIONARY(G__RIO
+  ROOT/RFile.hxx
   ROOT/RRawFile.hxx
   ROOT/RRawFileTFile.hxx
   ${rawfile_local_headers}

io/io/inc/ROOT/RFile.hxx

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/// \file ROOT/RFile.hxx
+/// \ingroup Base ROOT7
+/// \author Giacomo Parolini <[email protected]>
+/// \date 2025-03-19
+/// \warning This is part of the ROOT 7 prototype! It will change without notice. It might trigger earthquakes. Feedback
+/// is welcome!
+
+#ifndef ROOT7_RFile
+#define ROOT7_RFile
+
+#include <ROOT/RError.hxx>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+class TFile;
+class TKey;
+
+namespace ROOT {
+namespace Experimental {
+
+class RFile;
+struct RFileKeyInfo;
+
+namespace Internal {
+
+ROOT::RLogChannel &RFileLog();
+
+} // namespace Internal
+
+/**
+\class ROOT::Experimental::RFile
+\ingroup RFile
+\brief An interface to read from, or write to, a ROOT file, as well as performing other common operations.
+
+TODO: more in-depth explanation
+*/
+class RFile final {
+   enum PutFlags {
+      kPutAllowOverwrite = 0x1,
+      kPutOverwriteKeepCycle = 0x2,
+   };
+
+   std::unique_ptr<TFile> fFile;
+
+   // Outlined to avoid including TFile.h
+   explicit RFile(std::unique_ptr<TFile> file);
+
+   /// Gets object `path` from the file and returns an **owning** pointer to it.
+   /// The caller should immediately wrap it into a unique_ptr of the type described by `type`.
+   [[nodiscard]] void *GetUntyped(std::string_view path, const std::type_info &type) const;
+
+   /// Writes `obj` to file, without taking its ownership.
+   void PutUntyped(std::string_view path, const std::type_info &type, const void *obj, std::uint32_t flags);
+
+   /// \see Put
+   template <typename T>
+   void PutInternal(std::string_view path, const T &obj, std::uint32_t flags)
+   {
+      PutUntyped(path, typeid(T), &obj, flags);
+   }
+
+   /// Given `path`, returns the TKey corresponding to the object at that path (assuming the path is fully split, i.e.
+   /// "a/b/c" always means "object 'c' inside directory 'b' inside directory 'a'").
+   /// IMPORTANT: `path` must have been validated/normalized via ValidateAndNormalizePath() (see RFile.cxx).
+   TKey *GetTKey(std::string_view path) const;
+
+public:
+   // This is arbitrary, but it's useful to avoid pathological cases
+   static constexpr int kMaxPathNesting = 1000;
+
+   ///// Factory methods /////
+
+   /// Opens the file for reading
+   static std::unique_ptr<RFile> Open(std::string_view path);
+
+   /// Opens the file for reading/writing, overwriting it if it already exists
+   static std::unique_ptr<RFile> Recreate(std::string_view path);
+
+   /// Opens the file for updating
+   static std::unique_ptr<RFile> OpenForUpdate(std::string_view path);
+
+   ///// Instance methods /////
+
+   // Outlined to avoid including TFile.h
+   ~RFile();
+
+   /// Retrieves an object from the file.
+   /// `path` should be a string such that `IsValidPath(path) == true`, otherwise an exception will be thrown.
+   /// If the object is not there returns a null pointer.
+   template <typename T>
+   std::unique_ptr<T> Get(std::string_view path) const
+   {
+      void *obj = GetUntyped(path, typeid(T));
+      return std::unique_ptr<T>(static_cast<T *>(obj));
+   }
+
+   /// Puts an object into the file.
+   /// The application retains ownership of the object.
+   /// `path` should be a string such that `IsValidPath(path) == true`, otherwise an exception will be thrown.
+   ///
+   /// Throws a RException if `path` already identifies a valid object or directory.
+   /// Throws a RException if the file was opened in read-only mode.
+   template <typename T>
+   void Put(std::string_view path, const T &obj)
+   {
+      PutInternal(path, obj, /* flags = */ 0);
+   }
+
+   /// Puts an object into the file, overwriting any previously-existing object at that path.
+   /// The application retains ownership of the object.
+   ///
+   /// If an object already exists at that path, it is kept as a backup cycle unless `backupPrevious` is false.
+   /// Note that even if `backupPrevious` is false, any existing cycle except the latest will be preserved.
+   ///
+   /// Throws a RException if `path` is already the path of a directory.
+   /// Throws a RException if the file was opened in read-only mode.
+   template <typename T>
+   void Overwrite(std::string_view path, const T &obj, bool backupPrevious = true)
+   {
+      std::uint32_t flags = kPutAllowOverwrite;
+      flags |= backupPrevious * kPutOverwriteKeepCycle;
+      PutInternal(path, obj, flags);
+   }
+
+   /// Writes all objects to disk with the file structure.
+   /// Returns the number of bytes written.
+   size_t Write();
+
+   /// Flushes the RFile if needed and closes it, disallowing any further reading or writing.
+   void Close();
+};
+
+} // namespace Experimental
+} // namespace ROOT
+
+#endif