Backport to branch(3) : Support batch operation in Transaction API

[feeblefakie]

This is an automated backport of the following:

• Original PR: Support batch operation in Transaction API #3082
• Backported commit: 03a1c76

Please merge this PR after all checks have passed.

[gemini-code-assist]

Summary of Changes

Hello @feeblefakie, I'm Gemini Code Assist¹! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

This pull request introduces a significant enhancement to the Transaction API by adding a batch operation. This new functionality enables users to group multiple CRUD operations into a single transactional call, improving efficiency and atomicity. The change involves updating core interfaces, abstract implementations, and concrete transaction managers to properly process and return results for these grouped operations, ensuring consistent behavior and robust error handling across the ScalarDB ecosystem.

Highlights

• New Batch Operation: Introduced a new batch method to the CrudOperable interface and its implementations, allowing multiple CRUD operations (Get, Scan, Put, Insert, Upsert, Update, Delete) to be executed as a single atomic unit within a transaction.
• BatchResult Interface: Added a new BatchResult interface and its implementation BatchResultImpl to encapsulate the results of individual operations within a batch, providing structured access to Get and Scan results.
• Transaction API Updates: The TransactionCrudOperable and TransactionManagerCrudOperable interfaces, along with their various concrete and abstract implementations (e.g., AbstractDistributedTransaction, ConsensusCommit, JdbcTransaction), have been updated to support and correctly handle the new batch operation.
• Error Handling and Read-Only Transactions: New error codes were added for scenarios like empty operations in a batch. The ReadOnlyDistributedTransaction now explicitly prevents mutation operations within a batch, while SingleCrudOperationTransactionManager restricts batch operations to a single command.
• Utility and Test Enhancements: The ScalarDbUtils class was updated to generically handle Operation types for copying and setting targets. Extensive unit and integration tests were added or modified to ensure the correctness and robustness of the new batch functionality across different transaction managers and scenarios.

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[gemini-code-assist]

Code Review

This pull request introduces a batch operation to the transaction API, which is a significant and valuable feature. The changes are extensive, touching many files to propagate the new method through various layers of the transaction management system. The implementation is well-structured, including a new BatchResult interface, default implementations in abstract classes, and specific implementations in transaction managers. The refactoring to reduce code duplication and the addition of comprehensive tests are also commendable. I have a few suggestions to enhance code quality and robustness, primarily concerning immutability and code simplification.