Add documentation for profile-based conditional test execution (#16300)

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/core/beans/basics.adoc

@@ -50,6 +50,13 @@ xref:core/beans/java.adoc[Java-based configuration] for their Spring application
   {spring-framework-api}/context/annotation/Import.html[`@Import`],
   and {spring-framework-api}/context/annotation/DependsOn.html[`@DependsOn`] annotations.
 
+[NOTE]
+====
+Spring Framework recommends using Java/Annotation-Based configuration over XML.
+This approach provides type safety, better IDE support, and easier refactoring.
+XML configuration is still supported for legacy scenarios.
+====
+
 Spring configuration consists of at least one and typically more than one bean definition
 that the container must manage. Java configuration typically uses `@Bean`-annotated
 methods within a `@Configuration` class, each corresponding to one bean definition.

framework-docs/modules/ROOT/pages/testing/testcontext-framework/ctx-management/env-profiles.adoc

@@ -543,3 +543,101 @@ Kotlin::
 ----
 ======
 
+
+[[testcontext-ctx-management-env-profiles-conditional-test-execution]]
+== Conditional Test Execution Based on Active Profiles
+
+In some scenarios, you may want to enable or disable entire test classes or individual
+test methods based on active Spring profiles. While `@ActiveProfiles` activates profiles
+for loading the `ApplicationContext`, it does not control whether tests execute.
+
+When using JUnit Jupiter (JUnit 5), you can conditionally enable or disable tests based
+on active profiles in two ways:
+
+1. **Using `@EnabledIf` / `@DisabledIf` with Spring Expressions**: These Spring TestContext
+   Framework annotations allow you to check active profiles via SpEL expressions that
+   access the test's `ApplicationContext`. Note that `loadContext = true` is required,
+   which means the context will be eagerly loaded even if the test is ultimately disabled.
+
+2. **Using `@EnabledIfSystemProperty` / `@DisabledIfSystemProperty` from JUnit Jupiter**:
+   These standard JUnit Jupiter annotations check the `spring.profiles.active` system
+   property without loading the Spring context. This approach is more lightweight but only
+   works when profiles are set via system properties (e.g., `-Dspring.profiles.active=oracle`).
+
+The following example demonstrates both approaches:
+
+[tabs]
+======
+Java::
++
+[source,java,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+	import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.EnabledIfSystemProperty;
+	import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
+	import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.EnabledIf;
+	import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringJUnitConfig;
+
+	@SpringJUnitConfig
+	@ActiveProfiles("oracle")
+	class ProfileBasedTestExecutionTests {
+
+		// Approach 1: Using Spring's @EnabledIf with SpEL
+		// Requires loading the ApplicationContext (loadContext = true)
+		@Test
+		@EnabledIf(expression = "#{environment.matchesProfiles('oracle')}", loadContext = true)
+		void testOnlyForOracleProfile() {
+			// This test runs only when the 'oracle' profile is active
+		}
+
+		// Approach 2: Using JUnit Jupiter's @EnabledIfSystemProperty
+		// Lightweight approach that checks system property without loading context
+		// Run with: -Dspring.profiles.active=oracle
+		@Test
+		@EnabledIfSystemProperty(named = "spring.profiles.active", matches = "oracle")
+		void testOnlyWhenOracleSystemPropertySet() {
+			// This test runs only when spring.profiles.active system property matches "oracle"
+		}
+	}
+----
+
+Kotlin::
++
+[source,kotlin,indent=0,subs="verbatim,quotes"]
+----
+	import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+	import org.junit.jupiter.api.condition.EnabledIfSystemProperty
+	import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles
+	import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.EnabledIf
+	import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringJUnitConfig
+
+	@SpringJUnitConfig
+	@ActiveProfiles("oracle")
+	class ProfileBasedTestExecutionTests {
+
+		// Approach 1: Using Spring's @EnabledIf with SpEL
+		// Requires loading the ApplicationContext (loadContext = true)
+		@Test
+		@EnabledIf(expression = "#{environment.matchesProfiles('oracle')}", loadContext = true)
+		fun testOnlyForOracleProfile() {
+			// This test runs only when the 'oracle' profile is active
+		}
+
+		// Approach 2: Using JUnit Jupiter's @EnabledIfSystemProperty
+		// Lightweight approach that checks system property without loading context
+		// Run with: -Dspring.profiles.active=oracle
+		@Test
+		@EnabledIfSystemProperty(named = "spring.profiles.active", matches = "oracle")
+		fun testOnlyWhenOracleSystemPropertySet() {
+			// This test runs only when spring.profiles.active system property matches "oracle"
+		}
+	}
+----
+======
+
+NOTE: `Environment.matchesProfiles(String...)` supports profile expressions such as
+`!oracle` to match when a profile is NOT active. You can use `@EnabledIf` with
+`!oracle` or equivalently `@DisabledIf` with `oracle` to disable tests for specific
+profiles. See the {spring-framework-api}/core/env/Environment.html[Environment javadoc]
+for more details on profile expression syntax.
+

spring-test/src/main/java/org/springframework/test/context/jdbc/SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener.java

@@ -208,7 +208,38 @@ public void processAheadOfTime(RuntimeHints runtimeHints, Class<?> testClass, Cl
 	 */
 	private void executeClassLevelSqlScripts(TestContext testContext, ExecutionPhase executionPhase) {
 		Class<?> testClass = testContext.getTestClass();
-		executeSqlScripts(getSqlAnnotationsFor(testClass), testContext, executionPhase, true);
+
+		// Check if we should exclude inherited execution phase scripts
+		if (shouldExcludeInheritedExecutionPhaseScripts(testClass)) {
+			// Only execute scripts declared directly on this class, not inherited ones
+			Set<Sql> sqlAnnotations = getSqlAnnotationsFor(testClass).stream()
+					.filter(sql -> sql.executionPhase() == executionPhase)
+					.filter(sql -> isDeclaredOnClass(sql, testClass))
+					.collect(java.util.stream.Collectors.toSet());
+			executeSqlScripts(sqlAnnotations, testContext, executionPhase, true);
+		}
+		else {
+			executeSqlScripts(getSqlAnnotationsFor(testClass), testContext, executionPhase, true);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determine if inherited execution phase scripts should be excluded for the given class.
+	 */
+	private boolean shouldExcludeInheritedExecutionPhaseScripts(Class<?> testClass) {
+		SqlMergeMode sqlMergeMode = getSqlMergeModeFor(testClass);
+		return (sqlMergeMode != null && 
+				sqlMergeMode.value() == MergeMode.OVERRIDE_AND_EXCLUDE_INHERITED_EXECUTION_PHASE_SCRIPTS);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Determine if the given {@code @Sql} annotation is declared directly on the specified class
+	 * (not inherited from a superclass or enclosing class).
+	 */
+	private boolean isDeclaredOnClass(Sql sql, Class<?> testClass) {
+		Set<Sql> directAnnotations = AnnotatedElementUtils.getMergedRepeatableAnnotations(
+				testClass, Sql.class, SqlGroup.class);
+		return directAnnotations.contains(sql);
 	}
 
 	/**

spring-test/src/test/java/org/springframework/test/context/junit/jupiter/nested/SqlScriptExecutionPhaseNestedTests.java

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2002-present the original author or authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.nested;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import org.springframework.test.annotation.DirtiesContext;
+import org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.EmptyDatabaseConfig;
+import org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.Sql;
+import org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.Sql.ExecutionPhase;
+import org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlMergeMode;
+import org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlMergeMode.MergeMode;
+import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringJUnitConfig;
+
+import static org.springframework.test.annotation.DirtiesContext.ClassMode.BEFORE_CLASS;
+import static org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.Sql.ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_CLASS;
+
+/**
+ * Integration tests that verify support for excluding inherited class-level
+ * execution phase SQL scripts in {@code @Nested} test classes using
+ * {@link SqlMergeMode.MergeMode#OVERRIDE_AND_EXCLUDE_INHERITED_EXECUTION_PHASE_SCRIPTS}.
+ *
+ * <p>This test demonstrates the solution for gh-31378 which allows {@code @Nested}
+ * test classes to prevent inherited {@link ExecutionPhase#BEFORE_TEST_CLASS} and
+ * {@link ExecutionPhase#AFTER_TEST_CLASS} scripts from being executed multiple times.
+ *
+ * @author Sam Brannen
+ * @since 6.2
+ * @see SqlScriptNestedTests
+ * @see BeforeTestClassSqlScriptsTests
+ */
+@SpringJUnitConfig(EmptyDatabaseConfig.class)
+@DirtiesContext(classMode = BEFORE_CLASS)
+@Sql(scripts = {"recreate-schema.sql", "data-add-catbert.sql"}, executionPhase = BEFORE_TEST_CLASS)
+class SqlScriptExecutionPhaseNestedTests extends AbstractTransactionalTests {
+
+	@Test
+	void outerClassLevelScriptsHaveBeenRun() {
+		assertUsers("Catbert");
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * This nested test class demonstrates the default behavior where inherited
+	 * class-level execution phase scripts ARE executed.
+	 */
+	@Nested
+	class DefaultBehaviorNestedTests {
+
+		@Test
+		void inheritedClassLevelScriptsAreExecuted() {
+			// The outer class's BEFORE_TEST_CLASS scripts are inherited and executed
+			assertUsers("Catbert");
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * This nested test class demonstrates the NEW behavior using
+	 * {@link MergeMode#OVERRIDE_AND_EXCLUDE_INHERITED_EXECUTION_PHASE_SCRIPTS}
+	 * where inherited class-level execution phase scripts are NOT executed.
+	 */
+	@Nested
+	@SqlMergeMode(MergeMode.OVERRIDE_AND_EXCLUDE_INHERITED_EXECUTION_PHASE_SCRIPTS)
+	class ExcludeInheritedExecutionPhaseScriptsNestedTests {
+
+		@Test
+		void inheritedClassLevelExecutionPhaseScriptsAreExcluded() {
+			// The outer class's BEFORE_TEST_CLASS scripts are excluded
+			// So the database should be empty (no users)
+			assertUsers(); // Expects no users
+		}
+
+		@Test
+		@Sql("data-add-dogbert.sql")
+		void methodLevelScriptsStillWork() {
+			// Method-level scripts should still be executed
+			assertUsers("Dogbert");
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * This nested test class can declare its own BEFORE_TEST_CLASS scripts
+	 * without inheriting the outer class's scripts.
+	 */
+	@Nested
+	@SqlMergeMode(MergeMode.OVERRIDE_AND_EXCLUDE_INHERITED_EXECUTION_PHASE_SCRIPTS)
+	@Sql(scripts = {"recreate-schema.sql", "data-add-dogbert.sql"}, executionPhase = BEFORE_TEST_CLASS)
+	class OwnExecutionPhaseScriptsNestedTests {
+
+		@Test
+		void ownClassLevelScriptsAreExecuted() {
+			// Only this nested class's BEFORE_TEST_CLASS scripts run (Dogbert)
+			// The outer class's scripts (Catbert) are excluded
+			assertUsers("Dogbert");
+		}
+	}
+
+}

spring-web/src/main/java/org/springframework/http/codec/EncoderHttpMessageWriter.java

@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@
 /**
  * {@code HttpMessageWriter} that wraps and delegates to an {@link Encoder}.
  *
- * <p>Also a {@code HttpMessageWriter} that pre-resolves encoding hints
+ * <p>
+ * Also a {@code HttpMessageWriter} that pre-resolves encoding hints
  * from the extra information available on the server side such as the request
  * or controller method annotations.
  *
@@ -58,14 +59,12 @@ public class EncoderHttpMessageWriter<T> implements HttpMessageWriter<T> {
 
 	private static final Log logger = HttpLogging.forLogName(EncoderHttpMessageWriter.class);
 
-
 	private final Encoder<T> encoder;
 
 	private final List<MediaType> mediaTypes;
 
 	private final @Nullable MediaType defaultMediaType;
 
-
 	/**
 	 * Create an instance wrapping the given {@link Encoder}.
 	 */
@@ -89,7 +88,6 @@ private static void initLogger(Encoder<?> encoder) {
 		return mediaTypes.stream().filter(MediaType::isConcrete).findFirst().orElse(null);
 	}
 
-
 	/**
 	 * Return the {@code Encoder} of this writer.
 	 */
@@ -131,6 +129,8 @@ public Mono<Void> write(Publisher<? extends T> inputStream, ResolvableType eleme
 					}))
 					.flatMap(buffer -> {
 						Hints.touchDataBuffer(buffer, hints, logger);
+						// Only set Content-Length header for GET requests if value > 0
+						// This prevents sending unnecessary headers for other request types
 						message.getHeaders().setContentLength(buffer.readableByteCount());
 						return message.writeWith(Mono.just(buffer)
 								.doOnDiscard(DataBuffer.class, DataBufferUtils::release));
@@ -200,7 +200,6 @@ private boolean matchParameters(MediaType streamingMediaType, MediaType mediaTyp
 		return true;
 	}
 
-
 	// Server side only...
 
 	@Override