feat: add uv dependency management

[debugtalk]

Description

This PR introduces uv for dependency management to improve installation speed and reliability, and to modernize the project's build system.

Changes

• [NEW] pyproject.toml: Defined project metadata and dependencies (core conform to requirements.txt, dev dependencies included).
• [NEW] uv.lock: Generated lock file for reproducible environment builds.
• [MODIFY] README.md: Added instructions for setting up the environment using uv.

Necessity

uv is an extremely fast Python package installer and resolver. Switching to uv allows for:

1. Faster Setup: Significantly reduced installation time for CI and local development.
2. Reproducibility: uv.lock ensures that all environments use the exact same package versions.
3. Standardization: pyproject.toml is the modern standard for Python project configuration (PEP 621).

Verification

• Verified that dependencies can be installed via uv sync.
• Verified that the environment can be activated and used.

Checklist

• This PR fixes a specific issue or introduces a new feature.
• The code strictly follows the naming conventions (English, PEP8).
• Documentation has been updated to reflect the new dependency management workflow.