Add v2 and v3 metadata support to codecs

[d-v-b]

This PR will give each codec a v2 and v3 JSON de/serialization routines.

depends on #3318

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 29.77906% with 731 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 57.68%. Comparing base (a830d02) to head (9722e9b).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/zarr/codecs/numcodecs/_codecs.py	20.96%	245 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/codecs/_v2.py	0.00%	81 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/core/codec_pipeline.py	34.11%	56 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/codecs/blosc.py	32.46%	52 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/codecs/vlen_utf8.py	28.30%	38 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/codecs/sharding.py	19.04%	34 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/codecs/bytes.py	38.00%	31 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/codecs/transpose.py	21.87%	25 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/codecs/zstd.py	32.43%	25 Missing ⚠️
src/zarr/codecs/gzip.py	34.37%	21 Missing ⚠️
... and 11 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3332      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   60.54%   57.68%   -2.86%     
==========================================
  Files          81       81              
  Lines        9701    10400     +699     
==========================================
+ Hits         5873     5999     +126     
- Misses       3828     4401     +573     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/zarr/abc/store.py	38.29% <ø> (ø)
src/zarr/core/config.py	29.16% <ø> (ø)
src/zarr/core/indexing.py	69.35% <ø> (-0.12%)	⬇️
src/zarr/core/metadata/v3.py	58.46% <83.33%> (+0.43%)	⬆️
src/zarr/errors.py	9.37% <0.00%> (-0.31%)	⬇️
src/zarr/abc/numcodec.py	8.33% <0.00%> (-7.06%)	⬇️
src/zarr/codecs/numcodecs/__init__.py	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
src/zarr/core/array.py	69.60% <85.36%> (+0.96%)	⬆️
src/zarr/abc/codec.py	20.73% <17.64%> (+1.50%)	⬆️
src/zarr/codecs/crc32c_.py	48.33% <46.66%> (+4.58%)	⬆️
... and 14 more

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