feat: support exponential backoff

[zoedsoupe]

Problem

The project lacks a retry mechanism with exponential backoff for handling failed
structured output requests.

Solution

Added exponential backoff support with configurable parameters when retrying failed
requests, implementing a system that increases wait time between retry attempts.

Rationale

Exponential backoff provides a more efficient approach to retry logic by gradually
increasing wait times, reducing server load while improving success rates.
Implementation allows customization of max backoff time and base backoff values.