Validate local ClickHouse version operands during CLI parsing

[sdairs]

Summary

• Parse install, use, and server ClickHouse version operands through clap before dispatch.
• Preserve install-only postgres@<tag> and postgres:<tag> forms while leaving remove and local Postgres selectors unchanged.
• Report malformed and unsupported three-part versions as clap exit 2 with invalid_value telemetry and no operand leakage.

Tests

• cargo test -p clickhousectl local::cli::tests (26 passed)
• cargo test -p clickhousectl --test local_version_error_test (1 passed)
• cargo test -p clickhousectl --test telemetry_test invalid_local_versions_report_invalid_value_without_leaking_operands (1 passed)
• cargo test -p clickhousectl (745 passed)
• cargo test -p clickhousectl --no-default-features (674 passed)
• cargo fmt --all --check
• cargo clippy -p clickhousectl --all-targets -- -D warnings

Stack

• Position: 1 of 1
• Base: main

Closes #463

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[iskakaushik]

LGTM

[sdairs]

Superseded by #542 in stack #563.