[Enhancement] Support overflow mode for decimal type (backport #30419)

[mergify]

This is an automatic backport of pull request #30419 done by Mergify.
Cherry-pick of 228c120 has failed:

On branch mergify/bp/branch-3.1/pr-30419
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/branch-3.1'.

You are currently cherry-picking commit 228c12035b.
  (fix conflicts and run "git cherry-pick --continue")
  (use "git cherry-pick --skip" to skip this patch)
  (use "git cherry-pick --abort" to cancel the cherry-pick operation)

Changes to be committed:
	modified:   be/src/exprs/arithmetic_expr.cpp
	modified:   be/src/exprs/arithmetic_operation.h
	modified:   be/src/exprs/cast_expr.cpp
	modified:   be/src/exprs/decimal_binary_function.h
	modified:   be/src/exprs/decimal_cast_expr.h
	modified:   be/src/exprs/expr_context.cpp
	modified:   be/src/exprs/expr_context.h
	modified:   be/src/exprs/function_context.cpp
	modified:   be/src/exprs/function_context.h
	modified:   be/src/exprs/math_functions.h
	new file:   be/src/exprs/overflow.h
	modified:   be/src/runtime/runtime_state.h
	modified:   be/test/exprs/decimal_binary_function_test.cpp
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/qe/SessionVariable.java
	modified:   fe/fe-core/src/main/java/com/starrocks/qe/SqlModeHelper.java
	new file:   test/sql/test_decimal/R/test_decimal_overflow
	new file:   test/sql/test_decimal/T/test_decimal_overflow

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)
	both modified:   gensrc/thrift/InternalService.thrift

To fix up this pull request, you can check it out locally. See documentation: https://docs.github.com/en/github/collaborating-with-pull-requests/reviewing-changes-in-pull-requests/checking-out-pull-requests-locally

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[mergify]

@mergify[bot]: Backport conflict, please reslove the conflict and resubmit the pr

[wanpengfei-git]

[BE Incremental Coverage Report]

😞 fail : 73 / 126 (57.94%)

file detail

	path	covered_line	new_line	coverage	not_covered_line_detail
🔵	src/exprs/decimal_binary_function.h	0	17	00.00%	[65, 72, 84, 85, 88, 89, 92, 93, 94, 98, 102, 106, 107, 108, 109, 194, 225]
🔵	src/exprs/arithmetic_expr.cpp	8	25	32.00%	[71, 77, 83, 89, 114, 115, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 160, 180, 204, 205]
🔵	src/exprs/cast_expr.cpp	8	19	42.11%	[1086, 1088, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1119, 1121, 1289]
🔵	src/exprs/math_functions.h	1	2	50.00%	[377]
🔵	src/exprs/arithmetic_operation.h	7	14	50.00%	[87, 91, 92, 99, 100, 105, 110]
🔵	src/exprs/function_context.cpp	4	4	100.00%	[]
🔵	src/exprs/decimal_cast_expr.h	44	44	100.00%	[]
🔵	src/runtime/runtime_state.h	1	1	100.00%	[]

[sonarcloud]

Kudos, SonarCloud Quality Gate passed!   

0 Bugs
0 Vulnerabilities
0 Security Hotspots
0 Code Smells

0.0% Coverage
0.0% Duplication

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